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Bicarbonate
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Bicarbonate

Bicarbonate Bicarbonate alkalinity HCO3–  is present if the phenolphthalein alkalinity is less than half of the total alkalinity. In other words, it is a very

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Carbonate
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Carbonate

Carbonate Carbonate alkalinity (CO32-) exists when the phenolphthalein alkalinity is not zero but is less than the total alkalinity. Increased concentrations of this anion in

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TDS
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TDS

TDS Total dissolved solids (TDS) are found in drinking, surface, and brackish water, as well as wastewater. It refers to the total amount of solids

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pH
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pH

pH  pH is a scale used to determine the acidity or alkalinity of an aqueous solution. It ranges from 0 to 14. -A number less

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Nitrite
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Nitrite

Nitrite Nitrite in water is a chemical compound containing the NO2– group and is produced from the oxidation of ammonia and the reduction of nitrate.

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Electrical conductivity
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Electrical conductivity

Electrical conductivity Electrical Conductivity is a measure of the ability of an aqueous solution to carry an electric current. This ability depends on the presence

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TSS
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TSS

TSS Total suspended solids in water refer to solid particles that are suspended in water and are not completely dissolved. These solids can include soil,

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The importance of water analysis
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The importance of water analysis

The importance of water analysis Water is of great importance in various industries and has a significant impact on the production and supply of high-quality

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