{"id":7871,"date":"2025-04-13T11:39:39","date_gmt":"2025-04-13T08:13:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.azarasaco.com\/?p=7871"},"modified":"2025-05-24T14:34:59","modified_gmt":"2025-05-24T11:04:59","slug":"total-hardness","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.azarasaco.com\/en\/1404\/01\/24\/total-hardness\/","title":{"rendered":"Total hardness"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"7871\" class=\"elementor elementor-7871\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7360c02c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7360c02c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c29215c\" data-id=\"1c29215c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-122b2e7a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"122b2e7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>Total hardness<\/strong><\/span><\/h4><p>Total water hardness is a measure of the capacity of water to precipitate soap. Soap is precipitated primarily by the calcium and magnesium ions present. Other polyvalent cations may also precipitate soap, but they are often in complex forms, often with organic compounds, and their contribution to water hardness may be minimal and difficult to determine.<\/p><p>In fact, we express water hardness as the sum of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.azarasaco.com\/en\/1404\/01\/24\/calcium\/\">calcium<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.azarasaco.com\/en\/1404\/01\/24\/magnesium\/\">magnesium<\/a> concentrations in milligrams per liter of calcium carbonate.<\/p><h5><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>Types of total water hardness<\/strong><\/span><\/h5><p>1- Carbonate or temporary hardness: This type of hardness is caused by the presence of calcium bicarbonate and magnesium bicarbonate in water. We can temporarily eliminate this type by heating and boiling the water.<\/p><p>2- Non-carbonate or permanent hardness: This type of hardness is caused by the presence of calcium sulfate, calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, and other calcium and magnesium compounds. We cannot remove this type of hardness by heating.<\/p><h5><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>Consequences of water hardness<\/strong><\/span><\/h5><p>1- Reduced heat transfer efficiency: Mineral deposits form on heating surfaces such as boiler tubes, heat exchangers, and steam boilers. These deposits provide thermal insulation and reduce heat transfer, resulting in a decrease in the efficiency of the heating system and an increase in energy consumption.<\/p><p>2- Blockage of pipes and equipment: Calcium and magnesium deposits can block pipes and equipment. This can lead to pressure drops, loss of production, and even equipment failure.<\/p><p>3- Corrosion: In some cases, deposits cause corrosion of metal pipes and equipment. This leads to pressure drop, loss of production, and even equipment failure.<\/p><p>4- Reduced product quality: Excessive water hardness can affect chemical reactions and the quality of the final product, both in terms of appearance and physical and chemical properties.<\/p><p>5- Reduced effectiveness of soap and detergents: Hard water reacts with soap and detergents, reducing their effectiveness. This is due to the formation of insoluble calcium and magnesium salts that are produced as foam.<\/p><p>6- Increased costs: Sedimentation and corrosion require constant and expensive repairs and maintenance.<\/p><p><strong style=\"color: #003366;\">How to measure<\/strong><\/p><p>We use the titration method to measure total hardness. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and its sodium salts (EDTA) form a chelated solution complex when added to a solution of certain metal cations. If we add <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eriochrome_Black_T\">Eriochrome Black T<\/a> reagent to an aqueous solution containing calcium and magnesium ions at pH=10.0, the solution turns red.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a5d3805 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a5d3805\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3cef6f7\" data-id=\"3cef6f7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element 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data-id=\"30587d3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad1f62a elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ad1f62a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Total hardness Total water hardness is a measure of the capacity of water to precipitate soap. Soap is precipitated primarily by the calcium and magnesium ions present. Other polyvalent cations may also precipitate soap, but they are often in complex forms, often with organic compounds, and their contribution to water hardness may be minimal and [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8074,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[28,437],"tags":[493,499,503,501,505,495,481,485,489],"class_list":["post-7871","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-last-article-news-en","category-water-lab","tag-articles","tag-calcium","tag-electrical-conductivity","tag-magnesium","tag-sediment","tag-total-hardness","tag-water","tag-water-analysis","tag-water-laboratory"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Total hardness - Azarasa company<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Total hardness is defined as the sum of the concentrations of calcium and magnesium, both expressed as calcium carbonate.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/www.azarasaco.com\/en\/1404\/01\/24\/total-hardness\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Total hardness - 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