{"id":7873,"date":"2025-04-13T11:27:14","date_gmt":"2025-04-13T08:01:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.azarasaco.com\/?p=7873"},"modified":"2025-05-25T09:08:26","modified_gmt":"2025-05-25T05:38:26","slug":"carbonate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.azarasaco.com\/en\/1404\/01\/24\/carbonate\/","title":{"rendered":"Carbonate"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"7873\" class=\"elementor elementor-7873\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7360c02c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7360c02c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c29215c\" data-id=\"1c29215c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-122b2e7a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"122b2e7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>Carbonate<\/strong><\/span><\/h4><p>Carbonate <a href=\"http:\/\/www.azarasaco.com\/en\/1404\/01\/24\/alkalinity\/\">alkalinity<\/a> (CO<sub>3<\/sub><sup>2-<\/sup>) exists when the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/phenolphthalein\">phenolphthalein<\/a> alkalinity is not zero but is less than the total alkalinity. Increased concentrations of this anion in water can lead to water hardness, scaling in pipes, and other problems.<\/p><h5><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>Sources of carbonate in water<\/strong><\/span><\/h5><p>1- Dissolution of (CO<sub>3<\/sub><sup>2-<\/sup>) rocks:<\/p><p>-Limestone or CaCO<sub>3<\/sub> is the most obvious source of carbonate in water. It gradually dissolves due to acid rain resulting from rock erosion.<\/p><p>-Soils resulting from rock erosion can also introduce this anion into water.<\/p><p>2- Human activities:<\/p><p>-Industrial pollution: Factories such as cement and fertilizer factories release significant amounts of this anion into water.<\/p><p>3- Dissolution of carbon dioxide gas:<\/p><p>&#8211; Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can dissolve in water and react with water to form carbonate.<\/p><p>&#8211; Air pollution and burning of fossil fuels can lead to an increase in the concentration of CO<sub>3<\/sub><sup>2-<\/sup>.<\/p><h5><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>Storage period<\/strong><\/span><\/h5><p>The sample can be stored for up to 14 days unless stored at a temperature of 4 degrees Celsius.<\/p><h5><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>How to measure<\/strong><\/span><\/h5><p>It is measured with phenolphthalein reagent. We calculate CaCO<sub>3<\/sub> in mg\/L.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4f21608 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4f21608\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-20b3ea5\" data-id=\"20b3ea5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-e696426 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e696426\" 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Share:<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd7c10e elementor-share-buttons--view-icon elementor-share-buttons--skin-boxed elementor-share-buttons--align-center elementor-share-buttons--shape-square elementor-grid-0 elementor-share-buttons--color-official elementor-widget elementor-widget-share-buttons\" data-id=\"bd7c10e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"share-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_linkedin\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\trole=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Share on linkedin\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-linkedin\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_whatsapp\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\trole=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Share on whatsapp\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-whatsapp\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_facebook\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\trole=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Share on facebook\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-facebook\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_telegram\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\trole=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Share on telegram\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-telegram\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7468a72\" data-id=\"7468a72\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad1f62a elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ad1f62a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Carbonate Carbonate alkalinity (CO32-) exists when the phenolphthalein alkalinity is not zero but is less than the total alkalinity. Increased concentrations of this anion in water can lead to water hardness, scaling in pipes, and other problems. Sources of carbonate in water \u06f1- Dissolution of (CO32-) rocks: -Limestone or CaCO3 is the most obvious source [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2359,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[28,437],"tags":[519,493,515,517,481,485,489],"class_list":["post-7873","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-last-article-news-en","category-water-lab","tag-alkalinity","tag-articles","tag-bicarbonate","tag-carbonate","tag-water","tag-water-analysis","tag-water-laboratory"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Carbonate - Azarasa company<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Carbonate alkalinity exists when the phenolphthalein alkalinity is not zero but is less than the total alkalinity.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/www.azarasaco.com\/en\/1404\/01\/24\/carbonate\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Carbonate - 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