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Sulfate

Sulfate

Sulfate Sulfates are salts of sulfuric acid and are formed when the hydrogen atom in H2SO4 is replaced by a

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phosphate

Phosphate

Phosphate Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for plant growth and for living organisms. However, its increased concentration can lead to environmental

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Chloride

Chloride

Chloride It is one of the main mineral anions in water and wastewater. One of the most common examples of

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Magnesium

Magnesium

Magnesium Magnesium is a chemical element in the periodic table with the chemical symbol Mg and is part of the

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Calcium

Calcium

Calcium Calcium is a chemical element in the periodic table with the chemical symbol Ca and is part of the

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Total hardness

Total hardness

Total hardness Total water hardness is a measure of the capacity of water to precipitate soap. Soap is precipitated primarily

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Bicarbonate

Bicarbonate

Bicarbonate Bicarbonate alkalinity HCO3–  is present if the phenolphthalein alkalinity is less than half of the total alkalinity. In other

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